Pattern formation is a research area in which scientists study how complex spatial patterns emerge in biological, physical, and chemical systems. These patterns can include things like stripes, spots, or spirals, and are often the result of interactions between different components within the system. Researchers in this field use mathematical models, computer simulations, and experimental techniques to understand the underlying mechanisms driving pattern formation and to explain how these patterns emerge and evolve over time. Pattern formation has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering.